Uzbekistan:
Save Yourself From Harassment... and Die
On November 20, 2019, the actress Gavhar Sharipova died in a traffic accident in Uzbekistan. She was travelling from Samarkand to Guzar in the passenger seat of a truck. On a deserted road, the truck reached a speed of 140 km/h. The driver, holding the steering wheel with one hand, began to touch the woman's shoulders and arms. The actress opened the door, but the driver did not slow down and did not stop touching her. Fleeing from harassment, the woman jumped out and died. She was 39 years old.


A criminal case was opened against the driver under Article 266 Part 2 («Violation of safety regulations on movement or operation of a transport vehicle that has resulted in death of a person») of the Criminal Code.
How is harassment in public spaces punished in Uzbekistan?
There is no administrative or criminal liability for harassment in Uzbekistan. The Law «On Protection of Women from Harassment and Violence » adopted last year defines harassment as part of oppression: "Oppression is an action (inaction) degrading honour and dignity of women, harassment, for which administrative or criminal liability is not provided".
The description of the harassment is absent. In addition, the mentioned Law, despite its name, turned out to be useless in matters of protection against harassment. It suggests four steps to prevent harassment:
  • 1
    conducting a preventive conversation;
  • 2
    issuance of a protection order;
  • 3
    placement in special centers for helping the victims of harassment and violence;
  • 4
    implementation of correctional programs on changing the violent behaviour.
Thus, a person can harass women, and each time participate in a preventive conversation. No harsher measures are provided for repeated harassment. The protective orders are effective if the victim knows and has contact with the abuser. However, those who were harassed often do not know those who infringed their honour and dignity. The third measure is applicable to women who experienced domestic violence. The correctional programs on changing violent behavior are not yet developed in Uzbekistan.

Dilfuza Kuroloa
Personal photo
Human rights lawyer and founding curator of Global Shapers Tashkent Hub Dilfuza Kurolova believes that a person who committed the harassment can be brought to justice indirectly:
For petty hooliganism (Article 183 of the Code of Administrative Responsibility of the Republic of Uzbekistan): «Petty hooliganism, that is, deliberate disregard for the social behaviour rules, expressed in obscene language in public places, insulting harassment of citizens and other similar actions violating public order and the tranquillity of citizens, entails a fine from three to five indicators for calculations or administrative arrest up to fifteen days»;
For insult (Article 41 of the Code of Administrative Responsibility of the Republic of Uzbekistan): «Insult, that is intentional humiliation of honour and dignity of a personality, entails a fine from twenty up to forty indicators for calculations»;
If the action includes beating or minor bodily harm, a person can be prosecuted for hooliganism (Article 277 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan).
The United States keep records of reports on harassment in a taxi. In 2017-2018, more than 6,000 such reports were recorded. In Uzbekistan, there are no official statistics on harassment in public places. The Head of the Department for Women's Affairs under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Uzbekistan Umida Abdullayeva said that now, harassment is not a separate category, since it is not sorted out as a separate offense under the Code of Administrative Responsibility and the Criminal Code. Most complaints of harassment are considered under Article 183 of the Code of Administrative Responsibility («Petty hooliganism»). However, depending on the severity of the committed act, they can be considered under other Articles. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Uzbekistan, in 2019, 13,895 protocols were created for violations against women, and 7,693 protocols were created in 9 months of 2020, based on Article 183 of the Code of Administrative Responsibility.

On June 25, 2020, a petition was posted on the Uzbek portal for collective petitions to protect women from harassment in public places, at work and online.

In order for a petition to be published, it must undergo an examination. It lasted almost a month and a half, without compliance with the specified terms. On August 6, 2020, an expert commission consisting of eight men rejected it stating that the legislation already protects women's rights.
On September 12, 2020, the petition's author addressed the reception of the President of Uzbekistan, requesting the meeting protocol: «According to Article 7 of the Law On Guarantees and Freedom of Access to Information, I ask you to provide the meeting protocol of this working commission in the part concerning the consideration of my petition. I would like to know the names of the participants, their arguments on this petition, as well as any other information related to the discussion of my petition to protect women from harassment in Uzbekistan». The address was accepted by the President's Administration. As of October 27, there was no response.
What should you do if you are harassed in a taxi?
Human rights lawyer Dilfuza Kurolova recommends to record the fact of harassment (turn on the audio or video recorder), ask to stop the car, remember (or better take a picture of) the license plate number, and address the law enforcement agencies at 102 or the district police officer. The statement must indicate when you got into a taxi, was it caught on the street or from an official service, the number from the license plate, and describe how the driver harassed you. You should ask to bring him to justice in accordance with the law. In this case, the driver can be prosecuted under Article 183 «Petty Hooliganism» .

Dilfuza emphasizes that the legal documents protecting the harassment victims differ in every country, based on their legal system. For example, harassment is a criminal offense in France and India, where up to 7 years of imprisonment or large fines can be imposed. The cases of harassment in a taxi are happening all over the world, for example, the John Worboys case in the UK, who harassed and raped 12 women in 2006-2008. In 2009, the court ruled to imprison him for 10 years. In 2018, the Supreme Court considered repeated complaints from the victims and decided to increase the term of imprisonment.

Liana Natroshvili
Personal photo
Psychologist Liana Natroshvili recommends to stop the ride as soon as possible in case of harassment by a taxi driver. «You can say that you sent the license plate number and location to friends (father, husband) and if you do not arrive on time, the driver will have problems. Indeed, it is worth doing it if possible. If you use a service like Yandex.Taxi, you can use the panic button in the application.»

She also advises to adhere to basic safety precautions: do not sit on the front seat, do not catch a taxi on the street. This does not mean that if a woman sits on the front seat, she can be harassed and sexually exploited. It just makes her vulnerable to someone with impure intentions.
Women rarely contact a psychologist after harassment in a taxi. Liana believes this is caused by the fact that harassment is so common that it seems like a universal experience. People do not contact us if it snows in winter. Same here: many women (who regularly use the taxi services) faced similar harassment and attempts to engage in sexual intercourse. Typically, such topics come up during the consultation, among many other episodes of violence and harassment.
The MyTaxi Company, one the largest taxi order aggregators in Uzbekistan, reported that a passenger could share the route in real time in any messenger. Thus, before getting into a taxi, you can inform trusted persons about your route: they will receive a link with the current route.

If a MyTaxi passenger encounters the inappropriate driver's behaviour, she/he can comment the trip, or contact MyTaxi support via Telegram @call_centre. You can report any situation; the driver will be automatically blocked in the system for further investigation.

Rides information is stored in the system for more than a year. If a woman was harassed in a taxi that she ordered in MyTaxi application, she can file a complaint with law enforcement agencies. At the request of the relevant authorities, company employees will provide them with information about the identity of the driver, the number from which the order was made, and the full route of this taxi.

Yandex.Taxi, which also provides taxi aggregator services in Uzbekistan, did not reply to the journalist's questions.
Our team:
Authors:
Zulfiya Raisova,
Nazigul Zhusupova,
Mazhab Jum'a,
Irina Matvienko

Editor:
Natalia Lee

Idea:

Zulfiya Raisova,
Dastan Akkozha
Collection of the stories:
Ismail Karypov,
Farangis Davronova,
Vera Sukhina,
Anastasia Cherepanova,
Dastan Akkozha,
Kirill Fleyman,
Moldir Alban
Illustrations:
Nasiba Karimova


Layout and design:

Karina Tolmacheva
The longread was created as part of the Central Asia Taxi Safety Information Campaign